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學術參考: Aracely A. Lutes, William B. Neaves, Diana P. Baumann, Winfried Wiegraebe, Peter Baumann 2010, Nature, doi:10.1038/nature08818 Sister chromosome pairing maintains heterozygosity in parthenogenetic lizards
Herbert C. Dessauer, Charles J. Cole 1986, The Journal ol Heredity 77:8-12. Clonal inheritance in parthenogenetic whiptail lizards: biochemical evidence
真正的科學家不會像我一般亂改三四,他們會選擇一些非常少用或影響輕微的三字詞改變其定義,「TAG」是他們的「寵兒」。蛋白質有開頭也有結尾,三字經裡面有幾個詞彙用來標誌「結尾」,「TAG」是其中一個;因為某些原因,改變「TAG」的定義通常不會影響細胞運作。假設我想把「TAG」等同我自己設計的第 23 款 m&m,首先我要製造一種新的膠水(如上),其次再製造一新型的 TAG 插頭(上面不用這步驟),因為正常細胞是沒有 TAG 插頭的。其實,科學家早已懂得這個,並成功加插多種非天然氨基酸進入細菌蛋白,美中不足是可供修改的定義始終有限,畢竟三字經只有 64 個詞彙,全部有其固有定義,即使能夠修改其中一兩個看似無關痛癢的,新定義也難免與舊定義相沖,執行新定義的效率難以提升。
主要資料來源: Heinz Neumann, Kaihang Wang, Lloyd Davis, Maria Garcia-Alai & Jason W. Chin 14 Feb 2010, Nature, doi:10.1038/nature08817 Encoding multiple unnatural amino acids via evolution of a quadruplet-decoding ribosome
Jianming Xie, Peter G. Schultz 2006, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 7, 775-782 A chemical toolkit for proteins — an expanded genetic code
Thomas J. Magliery, J. Christopher Anderson and Peter G. Schultz1 2001, J. Mol. Biol., 307, 755-769 Expanding the Genetic Code: Selection of Efficient Suppressors of Four-base Codons and Identification of "Shifty" Four-base Codons with a Library Approach in Escherichia coli
Kaihang Wang, Heinz Neumann, Sew Y Peak-Chew & Jason W Chin 2007, Nature Biotechnology, 25, 7, 770-777 Evolved orthogonal ribosomes enhance the efficiency of synthetic genetic code expansion
Oliver Rackham, Jason W Chin 2005, Nature Chemical Biology, 1, 3, 159-166 A network of orthogonal ribosome.mRNA pairs
J. Christopher Anderson, Ning Wu, Stephen W. Santoro, Vishva Lakshman, David S. King, Peter G. Schultz 2004, PNAS, 101, 20, 7566-7571 An expanded genetic code with a functional quadruplet codon